APPENDIX #1 for the book
About Life and Death
by Larry-Michael Hackenberg
© 2011 All rights reserved
Table of Contents for Appendix #1
AP-1 How Do Different Atoms Form On Earth?
AP-2 Calculation Details
AP-3 Computer Program Used for Calculations
AP-4 Notes on the Calculations
AP-1 How Different Atoms Form On Earth
The Hackenberg Earth Atom Hypothesis : Atoms of the naturally occurring chemical elements commonly found on Earth form spontaneously as the result of the light and matter of Earth interacting with the complex movement of Earth.If so, the shape of the atom should carry the record of Earth’s movement at the time of its formation. It should then be possible to correlate the movement of Earth with the physical characteristics of various atoms in, for example, the periodic table of elements.
Test the Hackenberg Earth Atom Hypothesis:
1) Calculate the x, y and z coordinates every few degrees between the Spring Equinox at 90̊ through Summer Solstice at 180̊ (see Perspective Sketch earlier in this chapter).
2) Calculate the resultant vector for the first 50 orbital locations using only the “z” coordinate such that Resultant = √( z 2+ z 2+ z 2). See Calculation Details that follow for additional information.
3) Compare the accuracy of the calculated Resultant to the atomic weight listed in the IUPAC Periodic Table of Elements.
AP-2 CALCULATION DETAILS
Details on the following pages give more complete information on calculations, assumptions and notes. Atomic weights of elements taken from The Periodic Table of Elements International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) version August 2005.
Numbers Attached to the Vectors for the Solstices & Equinoxes.
Based upon the orbital speed of the Earth/Moon system rotation point ≈ 71,676 mph.
Vectors: x1,000 mph
Using the above values, calculate the x, y and z vectors every few degrees between the Spring Equinox at 90̊ through 164̊ (see Table 2).
Calculation of X, Y & Z Coordinates from Spring Equinox to near Summer Solstice
Table shows: degrees, chemical element number, X vector, Y vector, Z vector
Increments by 1.0 degree
91 1 X vector = 61.1 Y vector =- 26.6 Z vector = 01.2
92 2 X vector = 61.1 Y vector =- 26.6 Z vector = 02.3
93 3 X vector = 61.0 Y vector =- 26.5 Z vector = 03.5
94 4 X vector = 61.0 Y vector =- 26.5 Z vector = 04.7
95 5 X vector = 60.9 Y vector =- 26.5 Z vector = 05.8
96 6 X vector = 60.8 Y vector =- 26.4 Z vector = 07.0
97 7 X vector = 60.7 Y vector =- 26.4 Z vector = 08.1
98 8 X vector = 60.5 Y vector =- 26.3 Z vector = 09.3
99 9 X vector = 60.4 Y vector =- 26.3 Z vector = 10.4
100 10 X vector = 60.2 Y vector =- 26.2 Z vector = 11.6
101 11 X vector = 60.0 Y vector =- 26.1 Z vector = 12.7
102 12 X vector = 59.8 Y vector =- 26.0 Z vector = 13.9
103 13 X vector = 59.6 Y vector =- 25.9 Z vector = 15.0
104 14 X vector = 59.3 Y vector =- 25.8 Z vector = 16.1
105 15 X vector = 59.0 Y vector =- 25.7 Z vector = 17.3
106 16 X vector = 58.8 Y vector =- 25.6 Z vector = 18.4
107 17 X vector = 58.5 Y vector =- 25.4 Z vector = 19.5
108 18 X vector = 58.1 Y vector =- 25.3 Z vector = 20.6
109 19 X vector = 57.8 Y vector =- 25.1 Z vector = 21.7
110 20 X vector = 57.4 Y vector =- 25.0 Z vector = 22.8
111 21 X vector = 57.1 Y vector =- 24.8 Z vector = 23.9
112 22 X vector = 56.7 Y vector =- 24.6 Z vector = 25.0
113 23 X vector = 56.3 Y vector =- 24.5 Z vector = 26.0
114 24 X vector = 55.8 Y vector =- 24.3 Z vector = 27.1
115 25 X vector = 55.4 Y vector =- 24.1 Z vector = 28.2
116 26 X vector = 54.9 Y vector =- 23.9 Z vector = 29.2
117 27 X vector = 54.5 Y vector =- 23.7 Z vector = 30.3
118 28 X vector = 54.0 Y vector =- 23.5 Z vector = 31.3
119 29 X vector = 53.5 Y vector =- 23.2 Z vector = 32.3
Advances 5 degrees then increments by 2.0 degrees
125 30 X vector = 50.1 Y vector =- 21.8 Z vector = 38.2
127 31 X vector = 48.8 Y vector =- 21.2 Z vector = 40.1
129 32 X vector = 47.5 Y vector =- 20.7 Z vector = 42.0
131 33 X vector = 46.1 Y vector =- 20.1 Z vector = 43.7
133 34 X vector = 44.7 Y vector =- 19.4 Z vector = 45.5
135 35 X vector = 43.2 Y vector =- 18.8 Z vector = 47.1
137 36 X vector = 41.7 Y vector =- 18.1 Z vector = 48.8
139 37 X vector = 40.1 Y vector =- 17.4 Z vector = 50.3
141 38 X vector = 38.5 Y vector =- 16.7 Z vector = 51.8
143 39 X vector = 36.8 Y vector =- 16.0 Z vector = 53.2
145 40 X vector = 35.1 Y vector =- 15.2 Z vector = 54.6
147 41 X vector = 33.3 Y vector =- 14.5 Z vector = 55.9
149 42 X vector = 31.5 Y vector =- 13.7 Z vector = 57.1
151 43 X vector = 29.6 Y vector =- 12.9 Z vector = 58.3
153 44 X vector = 27.8 Y vector =- 12.1 Z vector = 59.4
155 45 X vector = 25.8 Y vector =- 11.2 Z vector = 60.4
157 46 X vector = 23.9 Y vector =- 10.4 Z vector = 61.4
159 47 X vector = 21.9 Y vector =- 09.5 Z vector = 62.2
161 48 X vector = 19.9 Y vector =- 08.7 Z vector = 63.0
163 49 X vector = 17.9 Y vector =- 07.8 Z vector = 63.7
164 50 X vector = 16.8 Y vector =- 07.3 Z vector = 64.1
Calculating the Resultant Vector
1) Calculate the Resultant Vector = √( z 2+ z 2+ z 2) at each of the 50 locations as the calculated atomic weight for the first 50 chemical elements,
2) Compare the calculated atomic weights for each element to the atomic weights published in the IUPAC Periodic Table, and
3) Compare and calculate the mean accuracy.
See Tables on the next four pages.
Also, see AP-2 Calculation Notes and AP-3 Computer Program at the end of this Appendix.
Calculated atomic weights based on Earth’s movement and compared to the IUPAC Periodic Table
Table Shows: Element number, Element Name, Calculated atomic weight, IUPAC published atomic weight, % error
AP-2 Calculation Notes
1) Normally the resultant (R) of a three dimension entity described by the vectors x, y & z would be R = √(x 2+ y 2+ z
2). However, the historical atomic weights ( IUPAC Period Table) appear to have considered only one vector, the “z” vector such that R = √(z 2+ z 2+ z 2)
The atomic weight of naturally occurring Hydrogen (H 2) gas has historically been divided in half to represent a single atom to serve as a unity reference atomic weight. Other tables have used other reference atoms, i.e. oxygen, carbon.
3) The above calculations are simplistic and based upon the simple model of the orbital movement of the center of mass point of the Earth/Moon System.
AP-3 Computer Program Used for Calculations
'assumed givens
Pi = 3.1416:EarthOrbitTilt = 23.5 * (Pi / 180) 'in radians
DaysPerYear = 365.25:HoursPerDay = 24
‘EMS=Earth/Moon System
EMSOrbitalSunRadius = 93000000 ‘miles
'AU=92,955,807 miles
‘(91,405,436 perihelion and 94,511,989 aphelion)
'calculates earth moon system vectors for sun orbit
EMSOrbitalSunDiameter = EMSOrbitalSunRadius * 2
EMSOrbitalSunCircum = EMSOrbitalSunDiameter * Pi
HoursPerYear = DaysPerYear * HoursPerDay
‘Earth-Moon system simplified orbital speed in mph around Sun
EMSSunOrbVel = Int(EMSOrbitalSunCircum / HoursPerYear) ‘in mph
'solstice orbital vectors z=71,676 mph
YvernalequinoxVector = Int(Sin(EarthOrbitTilt) * EMSSunOrbVel)
XvernalequinoxVector = Int(Cos(EarthOrbitTilt) * EMSSunOrbVel)
'equinox orbital vectors: y=28,006mph x=65,978 mph
'calculates X, Y and Z vectors, atomic weights and tracks error
Counter = 0 ‘chemical element number
For i = 90 To 180 ‘degrees
‘at element 30 and degree =121
‘advance degrees to 125 then increment by 2
If Counter >= 30 And Counter < 50 Then i = i + 1
If i = 121 Then i = 125
If Counter > 50 Then Exit For
Zvector = Int(Cos(i * (Pi / 180)) * -EMSSunOrbVel)
ComponentVector = Int(Sin(i * (Pi / 180)) * EMSSunOrbVel)
Yvector = Int(Sin(EarthOrbitTilt) * -ComponentVector)
Xvector = Int(Cos(EarthOrbitTilt) * ComponentVector)
‘vectors to calculate the resultant vector for atomic weight
AtomicWeight = ((Zvector) ^ 2 + (Zvector) ^ 2 + (Zvector) ^ 2) ^ 0.5
If Counter > 1 Then
Ecount = Ecount + 1
ErrorNum = (AtomicWeight - Val(atwt$)) / Val(atwt$)
TotalError = TotalError + Abs(ErrorNum * 100)
Format(TotalError / Ecount, "###.#"); "%"
End If
next i
end
AP-4 Notes on the Calculations
The above hypothesis and calculation uses a three-reference plane vector location for each of the first 50 chemical elements listed. The atomic weights were established historically long before the ability to understand and/or accurately calculate a three-reference plane movement of Earth. Presumably, they made mass or weight measurements on something similar to a balance beam scale; which is a one-reference plane measuring device. No matter which way a sample was turned ( x, y or z axis) the weight would always come out the same.
A Balance Beam Scale (Historic Archive and Museum of Mining in Pachuca, Mexico, photo from Wikipedia.
What if instead, chemical elements were based upon a three-reference plane model? How would a three-reference plane chemical element interact with other three-reference plane chemical elements within a moving environment such as Earth?
Even the simplistic model of Earth’s movement presented above has power. Only one of those three reference plane vectors (the z vector) was required to produce a periodic table with atomic weights very nearly as accurate as the atomic weights produced by years of analytical work.
Full three-reference plane models have great power especially when compared to the two-reference plane models. The two-reference plane models of valance or shells were useful for their time but are now extremely limiting and require mystical concepts (electron clouds, outermost valence shell, islands of stability, etc.) to fill in the gaps created by the missing third reference plane (see the checkers discussion that follows). Three-reference plane models are indeed more difficult to use, but that may be why you have a computer setting there on your desk. It is hugely more difficult to work in three reference planes of movement but, at the same time beautiful, elegant and more believable.
Speaking of believability, it is clear from the orbital model that a given chemical element would have similar, but differently directed, vectors in each of the four quadrants of the orbit. Therefore, elements may have corollary elements as mirror images or reversed handedness of the same element.
Additionally, an element formed in the movement of Earth would naturally exhibit an atomic weight with a plus-and-minus tolerance rather than a condition where each element had a specific atomic weight.
Atomic theory needs to be simple to explain how Earth works to ordinary people: why gold is here and not there, why is zinc in the soils here and not there, why is silicon dioxide on every beach in the world.
Besides, isn’t it a little embarrassing to still be talking about missing black marbles (electrons) swirling around little grey and white marbles (protons and neutrons) as a model for an atom?
The End